Long Multiplication and Long Division

In short: Long multiplication multiplies by the tens and the ones separately, then adds. Long division repeats four steps: divide, multiply, subtract, bring down. When there is a remainder, read the question to decide whether to round up, round down or keep it.

Before you start

• Times tables up to $12\times 12$.
• Multiplying and dividing by 10, 100 and 1000 (see Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 and 1000).
• Short division by a 1-digit number.

Long multiplication

To multiply by a 2-digit number, split it into tens and ones.

Cross off zeros

When both numbers end in zeros, cross off the same number of zeros from each. The answer does not change.

Zeros in short division

If a step does not go, write a 0 in the answer and carry on.

Long division by a 2-digit number

What to do with a remainder

Quick summary

• Long multiplication: multiply by the ones, then by the tens (add a 0), then add.
• Cross off the same number of end zeros from both numbers before dividing.
• In short division, write 0 in the answer when a step does not go.
• Long division: divide, multiply, subtract, bring down, and repeat.
• A remainder can mean round up, round down or something left over. Read the question.
• Check a division by multiplying back.

Quiz