Solution Equilibria

These questions cover what school trial papers ask about solution equilibria again and again: the dissolving process, solubility rules and net ionic equations, writing $K_{sp}$, molar solubility, $K_{sp}$ from solubility or pH, predicting precipitates after mixing, the common ion effect, the order of precipitation, and removing toxins from food. Data sheet values used ($K_{sp}$ at 25 °C): $\mathrm{AgCl}$ $1.77\times 10^{-10}$, $\mathrm{PbC}{\mathrm{l}}_2$ $1.70\times 10^{-5}$, $\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ $5.61\times 10^{-12}$, $\mathrm{PbS}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ $2.53\times 10^{-8}$, $\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$ $2.55\times 10^{-4}$. Molar masses: $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{F}}_2$ 78.08, $\mathrm{PbS}{\mathrm{O}}_4$ 303.3, $\mathrm{PbC}{\mathrm{l}}_2$ 278.1 g mol⁻¹. They start easy and get harder. Stuck? Tap Show a hint for one step at a time.